Li-ion batteries in WEEE: 80% of treatment operators reported fires

Lithium-ion batteries represent the greatest operational risk in the WEEE recycling industry today. A study conducted by EERA (European Electronics Recyclers Association) confirms the scale of the problem: 80% of treatment operators have experienced at least one fire incident caused by undetected Li-ion batteries in the WEEE stream.

Where and when fires occur

Contrary to expectations, most incidents do not occur during the treatment process itself, but in the preceding stages:

• Collection: damaged batteries can catch fire in containers or transport vehicles
• Storage: mechanical pressure from stacking can damage batteries
• Initial sorting: rough handling triggers internal short circuits
• Transport: vibrations and mechanical shocks contribute to deterioration

The real costs of the risk

The EERA study shows that over 85% of operators have been forced to make significant unplanned investments:

• Safety infrastructure (detection and suppression systems)
• Fireproof equipment and special containers
• Additional staff training
• Higher insurance premiums
• Post-incident repairs

These costs are rarely acknowledged by clients, PROs (Producer Responsibility Organisations), or authorities, placing additional financial pressure on treatment operators.

EERA recommended measures

At source (collection)

• Identification and removal of Li-ion batteries at the collection point
• Training of collection staff to recognise equipment containing batteries
• Clear labelling of containers holding equipment that contains batteries

At storage and transport

• Use of fireproof containers for equipment identified as containing batteries
• Strict compliance with ADR rules for the transport of hazardous materials
• Physical separation of equipment with batteries from the rest of the WEEE

At treatment

• Training staff to recognise damaged or swollen batteries
• Clear isolation procedures in case of a suspect battery
• Accessible fire suppression systems and trained personnel

Only the consistent application of these practices significantly reduces the risk of fires and accidents. Prevention starts at the source, not at the treatment stage.

What you need to do now

If you are a WEEE collector or treatment operator, assess your Li-ion battery procedures immediately. Ensure your staff is trained, that you have adequate safety equipment, and that you comply with ADR requirements. Investing in prevention is always less costly than dealing with the aftermath of a fire.